System of distribution.



H. A. LAYGOGK. SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION. APPLIOATION IILBD APR.8, 1911.-

Patented Dec. 30, 1913;

fnvehtor: Harry fl. a gcock, W

Witnesses:

'5 His Attorneg.

Be it known that I, HARRY mnnraLmYcocx;

qb 'all whom it may concern: A. LAYCOCK, a citizen of the 'United States, residing at Schenectady, New York, have invented cer- '-'tain newfandfu'seful Improvements in Sys-j temsof Distribut-ion, of which the following is a-specifioation.

-My jinyention relates to the regulation of systems. ofdist-ribution and, more particularly to voltageregulat-ion in systems having ii-plurality of si es or legs in which it is o ften desirable that the system be so regu lated tliatthe current-or voltage or bcth'in various sides' or legs shall bear a. certain relation to each other. For exam 1e I have a three-wire"system in w ich it is desirablethat the voltage on the two sides be -equa1- t;a11 times'irrespective of the load on either side. Broadly I accomplish the regulatioxidesi'redby insertingin each Side or leg'means-for varying the energy in that side or leg and controlling these energy yarying means by a. 'ineans operating in accordance withitbe relations of the energy in the various legs. I

- The particular system which I haveillustratedis the ordinary three-wire system in v which are included two dynamo-electric mathese may beieither members of a balancerset or generators. In the case of a livalancerset when the voltage of oneside falls below that of"the other the member connected across the second side tends to run'asa-motor, and throu h the common shaft, to drive the member ln the'first side to rarse'the-volt age onthe, lower side. To

hasten this equalizing of the voltages I intwo sides.

cl-ude in series with the field of each balancer member a resistance, and about each resistt9 ance' I'place a shunt, and provide means to c 'cordance with whichever side of the system lists the' higher voltage; this opening and closing means is controlled in accordance with the difference voltage between the When two generators, rather than a balaricer set, are used the changing of the field excitation in both machines tends to equalize the voltage in the proper direc-.

lose one-shunt and open the other in ac- PAT NT;

on sonnivn TADY, NEW YonK, assrenon r0 GENERAL ELECTRIC comPAnY, A CORPORATION or NEW yonx.

SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

utilize suificient ampere turns on the fields H Specification df Letters Patent. Patented D 30 1913. I Application filed April .s, 1911. Serial in. 619,657.

to produce more than the desired voltage when the resistance is shunted and a resist ance great enough'to lowerthe voltage below the desired-value when the resistance is in; these however, are ,details of design whichwili bevaried ineach articular case.

In the single figure of the rawing, which is a part of this specification, is illustrated a i a three-wire system arranged in accordance with my ;invention.

Between the two leads 1 and 2 andfthe neutral 3 are located two dynamo electric machines 4 and 5; these machines include respectively the fields 6 and 7. The fields may be excited in any desired manner, but

I have shown each one qconnected to the main to which its dynamo'lelcctric machine is connected and to the neutral- In series with each field is a resistance 8, 9, each.re-' sistancebeing provided with a shuntlQ-fll including the relay contacts 12 and 13 ;-w en these contacts are' closed, the resistances have no effect upon the fields. These dynamo electric machines with the means for varying their field, are the specific means illustrated for varying thevoltage on the two sides of this system. The. contacts 12 and 13 are controlled by the relays 14 and 15 respectively, 'andIthe-energization of thes relays is controlled by member 16. Any connection whereby the development of a difference in energy, in this specific case a difl'erence of voltage, between the sides of the system will operate to openthe bl'opercontacts to effect or to hastenthe effecting of the equalization in the two sides,

may be used. I have "shown one means of controlling the energization of the relays'at the proper time, which now appears to me to be preferable. Onesid each of the relays is counected-byjlt ad 17 to-the neu-" tral 3; the opposite, de -of the ,relays are" connected to the-Tcontacts 18 and'l9 respectively. These contacts are separated a ried to make the operation of the relays more or less nearly simultaneous, by adjustios short distance, which distance may be va-.'

19, the respective relay 14 or 15 will be energized since a circuit is completed through thatrelay from the lead 2 through the member 20, contact 18 or 19, connection 17 and to the neutral 3. To move the member 20 in response to differences in voltages between the two sides of the .system, I connect this member to the armature 21 which is surrounded by the two coils 22 and 23. The coil 22 is connected between the main 2 and the neutral 3, while the coil 23 is connected between the main 1 and the neutral 3. I prefer to use a spring 24 to carry most of the weight of the armature in such a way that when neither of the coils22, 23, is energized more than the other, the member 20 will stand midway between the contacts 18 and 19 but the design may be such that eitherv the weight of the armature or the pull of the spring is greater. A dash pct 25, or other suitable retarding device may be used to prevent the movement of the armature on the development of sudden and slight differences in voltages between the sides.- The two coils 22 and 23 are 50 located with reference to core 21 that they tend to pull the armature in opposite directions.

Now it will be apparent from this description and from the drawing that when the voltages on the'two sides are equal, that the pull of the two coils .will equalize and balance each other, and hence that the member 20 will be controlled by the spring 21 merely, and, supposing the pull of the Spring just balances the weight of the armature. will remain midway between'the contacts 18' and 19., The shunts 10 and 11 will be either both closed, or both open according to the arrangement; in this particular case both shunts will be closed.

The dynamo electric machines 4 and 5 may be regarded either as the generators which alone supply the system, or as a balancer set inserted in the two sides of the system as is common. 'Whether these machines are members of a balancer set or are generators is immaterial to this mode of regulation, since the connections as described will tend to regulate the system in either case. This mode of regulation is preferable for a balancer set and hence, for the purposes of this description, I regard 4, 5 as a balancer set. The operation of these connections' with a balancer set is as follows: 'hen the voltages on the two sides of the system are equal, the pull of the coils 22 and 23 will be equal and will oppose each. other as previously described. and the s vs-- tem will be in acondition shown in the If now the voltage on the side drawing. between the main 2 and the neutral falls. the pull of the coil 23 will be greater than the pull of the coil and hence the armature 21 will move upward and the llltlll itl' 20 will engage with the contact 18 The circuit is now completed from the main 2 through the member 20, contact 18, relay 1: and connection 17 to the neutral 3, and the relay 1-1 aetuates the contacts 12 to separate them, thus throwing the resistance 8 into series. with the field 6 of the machine 1. Since the voltage of the side '1, 3 is higher than the voltage on the side 2, 3, the member at of the balancer set has a tendency to run as a motor and to drive the member 5 as a generator; this of course, would tend to equalize the voltages between the two sides, but by the operation before described this equalization is hastened, since when machine 1 begins to run as a motor, its field is decreased, thus increasing its speed and the speed of the member 5, now acting as a generator, while the field 7 remains at its normal. value. Should the voltage on the side 2, 3 become more than the voltage on the side 1, 3, a similar operation would be 3 gone through with, but in this latter case of course, the shunt about the resistance 8 would remain closed while the shunt about the resistance. 9 would be opened. As the voltage on the two sides becomes again equal, the member-20 will stop midway between the contacts.

It will be obvious that should the members t and 5 be regarded as generators supplying the syst'em. that the regulating connections are suitable for hastening the equalization ofthe voltages, for the field of the generator on the higher side will be weakened, and the field of the generator on the-lower side will bestrengthened.

I have described specifically the voltage regulation of a three-wire system, but I do not regard my invention as limited to this specific regulation of this system, or to be limited to the specific pieces of apparatus described and shown. This particular regulator of this particular system is merely illustrative of the mode of regulation contemplated by my invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims,

It will of course, be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not necessary that the voltages on the various sides or legs be maintained equal but that by suitable arrangements, particularly of the coils similar .to 22 and 23, the voltages may be maintained in any desired relation. Further, it will also be obvious to them that the regulation need not depend upon relative diilerences of voltages, but that diflferences of current or energy may as well be'utilized.

'hat I claim as new and desire to secure hv Letters Patent of the United States, is 1. In a system of" disirihution having a pluralizy of legs. a balancer set, a resistl ance in series with the lieid of each member I of the balancer set. a shunt about each re- 1 sistance, and a regulator governed by varia- 25 shunt and means governed by variations in 40"fneans to cause the actuation of the relays 'tions inthe energy relation between the legs of the system, to open and close the shunts. -2.In a system of distribution having a plurality of le s, a balancer set, a resistance in series with the field of each member of the balancer set, a shunt about each resistance, a regulator including contacts and coils to control the contacts, each coil connected to a leg of the system, and connections whereby the regulator, through its contacts, opens and closes the shunts.

3. In a three-Wire system of distribution, a dynamo electric machine on each side of the system, a resistance in the field of each 5 machine, a shunt about each resistance, and

'a regulator operating in accordance with variations in the difference of energy in the sides of the system to open and close the shunts.

4. In a system of distribution having a plurality of legs, a dynamo electric machine for each leg, a resistance in series with the field of each machine, a shunt about each resistance, a relay to open and close each the energy relation between the respective legs for controlling saidrelays.

- 5. In a system of distribution, a balancer set, a resistance in series'with the field of each member of the set, a shunt about each resistance, a relay to close and open each shunt and means for controlling the relays governed by Variations in the energy relation between the respective legs of the sys tem.

6. In a system of distribution, dynamo electric machines, a resistance in the field of each machine, a shunt about each resi tance,

arelay to close and open each shunt, and

including contacts and a member moving to engage with but a part of the contacts at a time adapted at times to be disengaged from. all of the contacts.

7. In a system of distribution, dynamo electric machines, a resistance in the field of eachm'achine, a shunt about each resistance, a relay to close and open each shunt, the energizing. circuit ofeach relay passing through a contact, and a moving member to engage with each of the contacts but with a part of them only at a time and to remain out of engagement with all of the contacts.

S. In asystem of distribution having a plurality of legs, a dynamo electric machine for each leg, a resistance in the field of each machine, a shunt about each resistance, a relay to close and open each shunt the energizing circuit of each .relay passing through a contact-and a moving member operated by Variations in the energy relation between the respective legs to engage with each of the contacts but with a part of them only at a time and to remain out of engage ment with all ofthe contacts at other times 9. In a three wire system of distribution, a dynamo electric machine connected across each side of the system said machines being mechanically connected to each other, a re sistance in series with the field of each machine, a shunt circuit around each resistance,

and means common to the two shunt circuits and controlled by variations in the energy relations between the two sides of the sys tem for controlling said shunt circuits.

10. In a three wire system of distribution a dynamo electric machine connected across each side of the system, said machines being mechanically connected to each other, a re sistance in series with the held of each machine, ashunt circuit around each resistance, a relay controlling each shunt circuit, and means common to the two relays, and con trolled by rariations in the energy relation between the two sides of the system for controlling said relays.

In witness whereof. I have hereunto set my hand this (5th day of April, 1911.

BENJAMIN B. HULL, I'IELEN Oar-one. 

